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| − | Simulation macros are a form of Component macros. Their purpose is to make simulation more realistic by adding physical components to the electronic devices.
| + | For an excellent introduction guide, we recommend [https://www.flowcode.co.uk/education/ Introduction to microcontroller programming] |
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| − | When the Flowcode program is compiled and downloaded to a microcontroller, they are ignored - hence the name Simulation macros.
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| − | Even a cursory glance at the dialogue box used to configure them shows that they are very powerful devices, with a huge range of possible effects.
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| − | This exercise uses two of them to illustrate the use of a PIR (Passive Infra-Red sensor) to operate an intruder sensor.
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| − | __TOC__
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| − | ==The scenario==
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| − | The scene depicts the front of a house.
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| − | [[File:Exercise SimIcon pan.png|center|350px]]
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| − | A PIR sensor is mounted on the wall of the house, above the path leading across the garden.
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| − | The data sheet for the PIR shows that it is sensitive to a range of 10 metres, within a cone of angle 100 degrees.
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| − | Its detection area is represented in the image by the pale blue cone.
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| − | When an intruder enters the detection cone, a warning lamp lights up in the house.
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| − | ==The System Panel==
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| − | On the System Panel, viewed from above (the default position,)create:
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| − | * '''a brick wall''', represented by adding a red cuboid and changing it to a rectangle, 15mm wide, 120mm high and 120mm deep,
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| − | :: located at coordinates x = 0, y = 0, z = 60,
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| − | :: with rotation settings X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0;
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| − | * '''a path''', represented by a grey rectangle, 240mm wide, 100mm high and 0mm deep,
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| − | :: located at coordinatesx = 125mm, y = 0mm, z = 0mm,
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| − | :: with rotation settings of X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0;
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| − | * '''a cone''', couloured light blue, representing the sensing region of the PIR, with width = 70mm, height = 250mm, depth 95mm,
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| − | :: located at coordinates x = 45mm, y = 0mm, z = 80mm,
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| − | :: with rotation settings of X = 0, Y = -55, Z = 0.
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| − | * Drag the mouse cursor over these three elements and group them together.
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| − | This produces 'group 1'.
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| − | :: Give this group:
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 265mm, height = 250mm, depth = 135mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = 128, y = 0, z = 68;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0.
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| − | Also on the System Panel, create an intruder, by:
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| − | * adding four spheres, and configuruing the properties as follows:
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| − | :: sphere 1 ('''the head'''):
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| − | ::: colour pink;
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 12mm, height = 13mm, depth = 15mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = -2.2, y = 0.7, z = 22;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 90, Y = 0, Z = 0.
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| − | :: sphere 2 ('''the body'''):
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| − | ::: colour blue;
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 14mm, height = 26mm, depth = 24mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = -2.2, y = 0.5, z = 4;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 90, Y = 0, Z = -180.
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| − | :: sphere 3 ('''the legs'''):
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| − | ::: colour dark green;
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 9mm, height = 23mm, depth = 15mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = -2.2, y = 1, z = -16;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 90, Y = 0, Z = -180.
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| − | :: sphere 4 ('''the feet'''):
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| − | ::: colour black;
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 6mm, height = 15mm, depth = 25mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = -6, y = 0, z = -25;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 90, Y = 90, Z = 0.
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| − | * Drag the mouse cursor over the four spheres and group them together.
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| − | This produces 'group 2'.
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| − | :: Give it:
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| − | ::: dimensions - width = 18mm, height = 32mm, depth = 60mm;
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| − | ::: coordinates - x = 165, y = 0, z = 28;
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| − | ::: rotation - X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0.
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| − | The System Panel should resemble the image shown above. (The image has been rotated to show all components. The table-top is coloured green.)
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| − | Click on the 'Collisions' icon, [[File:Gen Panel Object Collision Move Around.png|35px]] and select the 'Move through' option, which allows the intruder to enter the detection cone.
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| − | ==The Dashboard Panel==
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| − | [[File:Exercise SimIcon dash.png|right|200px]]
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| − | * Open the 'Outputs' toolbox, and locate the 'LED 5mm Panel' device.
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| − | * Click on the down arrow next to it and choose the 'Add to dashboard panel' option.
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| − | * Zoom in to the Dashboard Panel to make the LED large enough to see.
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| − | * Click on the LED and configure its properties as follows:
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| − | ::* choose a suitable colour, such as red;
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| − | ::* connect it to Port A, bit 0.
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| − | ==The Flowcode program==
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| − | The plan is to move the intruder towards the detection cone using the 'MoveAlong' macro. This '''changes''' the x coordinate of the intruder by an amount specified by the variable 'xpos'. When the intruder enters the detection zone, the macro 'CollisionTest' returns a value of '1' in the variable 'hit'. At that point, we want to stop any more movement so that we can look at the x coordinate of the intruder.
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| − | * [[Opening Flowcode|Open Flowcode]].
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| − | * On the Startup screen, click on 'New project' to [[Creating Flowcharts|create a new flowchart]].
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| − | * Add the icons shown in the flowchart:
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| − | :* a loop icon, configured as an infinite loop, and within it:
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| − | ::* two Simulation macro icons [[File:Btn Simulation Macro.gif|35px]];
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| − | [[File:Exercise SimIcon Sim move.png|right|450px]]
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| − | ::* a decision icon with:
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| − | :::* a 'Yes' loop containing an output icon, followed by a delay icon and then a calculation icon;
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| − | :::* a 'No' loop containing an output icon, followed by a delay icon;
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| − | * Configure the icons, by double clicking on each in turn, as follows:
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| − | ::* the top Simulation macro:
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| − | :::* name it "Move the intruder";
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| − | :::* click on the 'Panel' tab, and then on the 'Position' folder;
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| − | :::* click on the 'MoveAlong' macro and:
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| − | ::::* choose 'group2'(the intruder)as the Handle;
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| − | ::::* choose 'shape1'( the brick wall) as the Axis;
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| − | ::::* click on the down arrow on the end of the 'X' row, and create a floating point variable called "xpos", with an initial value 5.0, to use as the X variable;
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| − | ::::* click on OK.
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| − | [[File:Exercise SimIcon Sim test.png|right|300px]]
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| − | ::* the second Simulation macro:
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| − | :::* name it "Check detection";
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| − | :::* click on the 'Panel' tab, and then on the 'Collision' folder;
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| − | :::* click on the 'TestSingle' macro and:
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| − | ::::* choose 'shape2'(the detection cone) for 'Pos' and 'shape5' (the intruder's head,) for 'Test';
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| − | :::* use the down arrow at the end of the 'Return Value' box to create a boolean variable caled "hit" to use as the 'Return Value'.
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| − | ::::* click on OK.
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| − | ::* the decision icon:
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| − | :::* name it "Intruder detected?";
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| − | :::* insert the condition "hit = 1";
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | ::* In the 'Yes' loop:
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| − | :::* name the Output icon "Switch on lamp";
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| − | :::* send value '1' to Port A single bit 0;
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | :::* name the Delay icon "Wait 100ms";
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| − | :::* configure it to give a delay of 100ms;
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | :::* name the Calculation icon "Stop movement";
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| − | :::* in the 'Calculations:' box, insert "xpos = 0" to reduce the distance incremented each time to zero;
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | ::* In the 'No' loop:
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| − | :::* name the Output icon "Switch off lamp";
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| − | :::* send value '0' to Port A single bit 0;
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | :::* name the Delay icon "Wait 100ms";
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| − | :::* configure it to give a delay of 100ms;
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| − | :::* click on OK.
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| − | [[File:Exercise SimIcon Sim prog.png|right|350px]]
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| − | * Flowcode
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| − | * Experienced
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| − | * Students
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| − | ==Adding supplementary code==
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| − | This feature
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| − | '''Definitions and function declarations:'''
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| − | This is
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| − | '''Function implementations:'''
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