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Worksheet: Kirchoff's Voltage Law

<^< Examples: Kirchoff's Voltage Law | Course Index | Potential and Current Dividers >^>(:nl:)

Objective: To investigate Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.
Underpinning knowledge: Voltage, current and resistance. Ohm's Law. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.
Apparatus: TINA circuit file, or apparatus to make the following circuit.

TINA Circuit File: Click here to download circuit file
Initial Settings: 10V battery. R'_1_' = 1k&#937;, R'_2_' = 2k&#937;, R'_3_' = 3k&#937;.
Requires: Paper, Linear graph paper, pen or pencil.
Instructions:

(a) Using initial settings verify that 10V - V'_1_' - V'_2_' - V'_3_' = 0 (or, more conveniently, that V'_1_' + V'_2_' + V'_3_' = 10V).

(b) Change R'_1_' to 3k&#937;, R'_2_' to 1k&#937; and R'_3_' to 2k&#937;. Confirm, once again that V'_1_' + V'_2_' + V'_3_' = 10V.

(c) Finally, make R'_1_' to 2k&#937;, R'_2_' to 3k&#937; and R'_3_' to 1k&#937;. Once again, confirm that V'_1_' + V'_2_' + V'_3_' = 10V.

Observations:

(a)Is Kirchhoff's Voltage Law obeyed?

(b) The convention adopted in the formula, 10V - V'_1_' - V'_2_' - V'_3_' = 0, is that voltage drops acting clockwise as you move around the circuit are positive whilst those acting anticlockwise are negative. How is it possible to determine the direction of the voltage drops in the circuit?

Further work:

Add a fourth resistor of 4k&#937; in series with the other resistors and connect a voltmeter in parallel with it to indicate the voltage drop across it. Derive the Kirchhoff's Voltage Law equation for this new circuit (you will have to consider four voltages in the circuit; V'_1_', V'_2_', V'_3_' and V'_4_') and confirm that the Voltage Law is obeyed by inserting measured values into the equation.

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