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Electronic circuits and components * Course Index * Introduction * About the Author * About this Course * Feedback * Course Navigation * How to use this Course * TINA * Locktronics

Fundamentals * Introduction: Fundamentals * Units and Multiples * Electricity * Electronic Principles * Electrical Circuits * Alternating Current * Assessment: Fundamentals

Passive Components * Introduction: Passive Components * Resistors * Capacitors * Inductors * Transformers * Batteries, Fuses, Lamps and Switches * Assessment: Passive Components

Semiconductors * Introduction: Semiconductors * Diodes * Transistors * Logic Gates ## AND Switch ## OR Switch ##

Buffers ## Inverters ## AND Gates ## OR Gates ## NAND Gates ## NOR Gates ## Exclusive-OR Gates ## Exclusive-NOR Gates * Assessment: Semiconductors

Passive Circuits * Introduction: Passive Circuits * Series and Parallel Connections * Kirchoff's Laws * Potential and Current Dividers * Passive Time Variant Circuits * Assessment: Passive Circuits

Active Circuits * Introduction: Active Circuits * Power Supply Circuits * Operational Amplifier Circuits * Transistor Amplifier Circuits * 555 Timer Circuits * Assessment: Active Circuits

Parts Gallery * Introduction: Parts Gallery * Passive Component Images * Semiconductor Images * Other Images * Quizzes

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Buffers

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Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal, i.e., a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas a logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output. Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic levels present at an interface. The Boolean expression for the output, Y, of a buffer with an input, X, is:

Y = X

Note:- the response of a gate or circuit to an input, or set of inputs, can be expressed in a number of ways. One of the most simple and most intuitive methods is the truth table shown here where the logic for any given input, X, is shown at the output, Y.

The algebraic system used to express the relationship between inputs and outputs in a circuit is called 'Boolean logic'.

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Logic 0
Logic 1

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