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Electronic circuits and components * Course Index * Introduction * About the Author * About this Course * Feedback * Course Navigation * How to use this Course * TINA * Locktronics Fundamentals * Introduction: Fundamentals * Units and Multiples * Electricity * Electronic Principles * Electrical Circuits * Alternating Current ## Alternating Voltage and Current ## Waveforms and Signals ## Amplitude and Frequency ## Examples: Amplitude and Frequency ## Measuring Angles ## Radians ## Examples: Radians ## Average Peak and RMS Values ## Reactance ## Capacitive Reactance ## Worksheet: Capacitive Reactance ## Inductive Reactance ## Worksheet: Inductive Reactance ## Impedance ## Worksheet: Impedance * Assessment: Fundamentals Passive Components * Introduction: Passive Components * Resistors * Capacitors * Inductors * Transformers * Batteries, Fuses, Lamps and Switches * Assessment: Passive Components Semiconductors * Introduction: Semiconductors * Diodes * Transistors * Logic Gates * Assessment: Semiconductors Passive Circuits * Introduction: Passive Circuits * Series and Parallel Connections * Kirchoff's Laws * Potential and Current Dividers * Passive Time Variant Circuits * Assessment: Passive Circuits Active Circuits * Introduction: Active Circuits * Power Supply Circuits * Operational Amplifier Circuits * Transistor Amplifier Circuits * 555 Timer Circuits * Assessment: Active Circuits Parts Gallery * Introduction: Parts Gallery * Passive Component Images * Semiconductor Images * Other Images * Quizzes |
(:Summary:Contains the 'action' links (like Browse, Edit, History, etc.), placed at the top of the page, see site page actions:) (:comment This page can be somewhat complex to figure out the first time you see it. Its contents are documented at PmWiki.SitePageActions if you need help. :) * Print (:comment (:if group Site,SiteAdmin,Cookbook,Profiles,PmWiki*:) (:comment delete if and ifend to enable backlinks:) * %item rel=nofollow class=backlinks accesskey='$[ak_backlinks]'% [[{*$Name}?action=search&q=link={*$FullName} | $[Backlinks] ]] (:ifend:) :) * Login Average Peak and RMS Values<^< Examples: Radians | Course Index | Reactance >^>(:nl:)  The average value of an alternating current which swings symmetrically above and below zero will obviously be zero when measured over a long period of time. Hence average values of currents and voltages are invariably taken over one complete half-cycle (either positive or negative) rather than over one complete full-cycle (which would result in an average value of zero). The peak value (or amplitude) of a waveform is a measure of the extent of its voltage or current excursion from the resting value (usually zero). The peak-to-peak value for a wave which is symmetrical about its resting value is twice its peak value. The root mean square (r.m.s.) -or effective - value of an alternating voltage or current is the value which would produce the same heat energy in a resistor as a direct voltage or current of the same magnitude. Since the r.m.s. value of a waveform is very much dependent upon its shape, values are only meaningful when dealing with a waveform of known shape. Where the shape of a waveform is not specified, r.m.s. values are normally assumed to refer to sinusoidal conditions. The following formulae apply for a sine wave: >>center<< V'_average_' = 0.636 x V'_peak_' V'_peak-peak_' = 2 x V'_peak_' V'_r.m.s_' = 0.707 x V'_peak_' >><< Similar relationships apply to the corresponding alternating currents, thus: >>center<< I'_average_' = 0.636 x I'_peak_' I'_peak-peak_' = 2 x I'_peak_' I'_r.m.s_' = 0.707 x I'_peak_' >><< (:nl:)(:table style="clear:both":)
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